Pharyngitis natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Natural History

Most cases of pharyngitis go away on their own without complications.

Complications

Complications of pharyngitis based on the causing agent include the following: Identifying the cause of pharyngitis, especially group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), is important to prevent potential life-threatening complications.

Common complications
Pathogen	Complications
Group A Streptococcus	Suppurative complications Tonsillar abscess Sinusitis Otitis media Necrotizing fasciitis Meningitis Jugular vein thrombophlebitis Non suppurative complications Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) Scarlet fever Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome Acute glomerulonephritis Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with group A streptococci (PANDAS)
Influenza	Pneumonia Encephalitis Aseptic meningitis Guillain barre syndrome Transverse myelitis Myositis and rhabdomyolysis
Adenovirus	Laryngotracheitis Bronchitis Pneumonia Otitis media Meningoencephalitis Hepatitis Myocarditis Nephritis Neutropenia Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Cocksackie A virus	Aseptic meningitis Myocarditis Acute flaccid paralysis Conjunctival ulceration Brainstem encephalitis
Ebstein barr virus	Airway obstruction Splenic rupture X-linked lymphoproliferative disease Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Less common complications
Gonococcus	Disseminated gonorrhea Meningitis Endocarditis
Diphtheria	Airway obstruction Myocarditis Polyneuropathies 10th cranial nerve disorder 9th cranial nerve disorder Peripheral motor neuropathy Diaphragm paralysis Neurogenic bladder dysfunction Acute renal failure Septicemia
Heamophilis influenza	Retropharyngeal abcess Epiglottitis
Fusobacterium necrophorum	Peritonsillar abscess Lemierre's syndrome
Parainfluenza virus	Retropharyngeal abcess Pneumonia

Prognosis

Most cases of pharyngitis go away on their own without complications.