Brucellosis physical examination

Brucellosis Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Brucellosis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Principles of diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
X-Ray
CT Scan
MRI
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Brucellosis physical examination On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Brucellosis physical examination All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Brucellosis physical examination
CDC on Brucellosis physical examination
Brucellosis physical examination in the news
Blogs on Brucellosis physical examination
Directions to Hospitals Treating Brucellosis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Brucellosis physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Danitza Lukac

Overview

Patients with brucellosis are usually well-appearing. Common physical examination findings include hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy.

Physical Examination

Examination findings	Brucellosis
Appearance of patient	Patients are usually well-appearing
Vital Signs	Pulse rate-Normal/Tachycardia with regular rhythm, normal volume Temperature- Normal or elevated Blood pressure- Normal Respiratory rate-Normal/tachypnea(pneumonia) Oxygen saturation- usually normal but some cases may have low oxygen saturation(lung involvement). Blood glucose level- normal
Skin	Skin examination may reveal the following: Maculppapular rash Erythema nodosum like eruptions and ulceration abscesses
HEENT	Usually Normal
Neck	Cervical lymphadenopathy may be present
Lungs	Lung involvement may reveal multiple findings depending on the kind of involvement(it could be pneumonia, bronchitis, pleural effusion or empyema or combination of these). Based on the involvement, lung examination may reveal: Increased tactile fremitus Dullness on percussion Decreased breath sounds Bronchial breath sounds Rhonchi Crackles, Rales Increased vocal fremitus
Heart	Heart examination may reveal murmurs on ascultation(endocarditis)
Abdomen	Abdominal examination may elicit: Tenderness Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Lymphadenopathy
Back	Back examination is usually normal
Genitourinary	Genitourinary examination may reveal: Inguinal lymphadenopathy Positive Prehn's sign May be present in epididymitis Swollen testicle or testicles May be present in orchitis
Extremities	Examination of Knee, hips, ankles and wrists may reveal: Fluid around a joint Warm, red, tender joints Difficulty moving a joint (called "limited range of motion") May be present in peripheral arthritis palpation of sacroiliac joints may reveal pain indicating sacroiliitis Positive Schober's test(indicative of spondylitis)
Neuromuscular	Meningial signs of irritation Nuchal rigidity, Kernig's sign, and Brudzinski's sign can be ilicited in cases with neurological involvement(meningitis or meningoencephalitis). Signs of pheripheral and cranial nerve neuropathies can be ilicited