Bacterial meningitis risk factors
Bacterial meningitis Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Risk factors
Common risk factors of bacterial meningitis may include:[1][2][3][4][4][5][6][7][8]
Age
- Extremes of age predispose to bacterial meningitis such as infants and old age
- Type of bacteria affecting affecting different age groups varies
Community setting
- People living in dorms
- Military personnel
- Large gatherings in college campuses
Certain medical conditions
- Recent respiratory or ear infection
- Otorrhea or rhinorrhea
- Lupus
- Infective endocarditis
Working with meningitis-causing pathogens
- Microbiologists
- Lab personnel
Travel
- Recent travel to endemic area such as sub-Saharan Africa
- Travel to Mecca during the annual Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage
Immunosuppression
- Prolonged steroid therapy
- Complement deficiency
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypogammaglobulinemia, and
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
Disruption of anatomical CNS barrier
- Basilar skull fracture
- Neurosurgery
- CNS implants such as intracerebral pressure monitors
- CSF shunts
- Choclear implants
Other risk factors
- Smoking
- Alcohalism
- Injection drug abuse
- Sepsis
References
- ↑ Adriani KS, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D (2015). "Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults". Neth J Med. 73 (2): 53–60. PMID 25753069.
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th September, 2017
- ↑ Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, Miller SI, Southwick FS, Caviness VS; et al. (1993). "Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes". N Engl J Med. 328 (1): 21–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199301073280104. PMID 8416268.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L (2006). "Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis". Neurosurgery. 59 (1): 126–33, discussion 126-33. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000220477.47323.92. PMID 16823308.
- ↑ Moore PS (1992). "Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: a model for the epidemic process". Clin Infect Dis. 14 (2): 515–25. PMID 1554841.
- ↑ Revest M, Michelet C (2009). "[Predisposing factors of community acquired bacterial meningitis (excluding neonates)]". Med Mal Infect. 39 (7–8): 562–71. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2009.02.029. PMID 19419829.
- ↑ Ataee RA, Mehrabi-Tavana A, Izadi M, Hosseini SM, Ataee MH (2011). "Bacterial meningitis: a new risk factor". J Res Med Sci. 16 (2): 207–10. PMC 3214305. PMID 22091233.
- ↑ Shapiro ED, Aaron NH, Wald ER, Chiponis D (1986). "Risk factors for development of bacterial meningitis among children with occult bacteremia". J Pediatr. 109 (1): 15–9. PMID 3088242.