Rhinitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Causes

Common Causes

Class Causes of Rhinitis[1][2][3][4]
Allergic rhinitis Indoor and outdoor airborne substances such as:
  • Pollens
  • Molds
  • Dust mite fetal particles
  • Coakroach residues
  • Animal danders
Nonallergic rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis
  • Irritant triggered- Strong odors from chemicals like chlorine, cooking smells, flowers, perfumes, environmental tobacco smoke and pollutants
  • Cold air/Dry air
  • Exercise
  • Emotional
  • Trauma[5]
  • Undetermined or poorly defined triggers
Gustatory rhinitis- Triggered by solid/liquid food ingestion such as
  • Hot food
  • Spicy food
  • Alcohol
Infectious
  • Viruses - commonly adenoviruses
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Parasites
Occupational rhinitis Caused by protein and chemical allergens, chemical respiratory sensitizers, or unknown mechanisms
  • Pesticides
  • Chemicals such as chromium vapors,
Other rhinitis syndrome Hormonally induced
  • Gestational/Pregnancy-induced
  • Menstrual cycle related
Drug-induced
  • Rhinitis medicamentosa
  1. Nasal sprays such as such as α-adrenergic decongestants
  2. Intranasal cocaine and methamphetamine
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Antihypertensives and cardiovascular agents such as ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers, Phentolamine
  • Aspirin/NSAIDs
  • Other medications such as phosphodiesterase-5 selective inhibitors
Primary atrophic rhinitis- causes include:
  • Infection with organisms such as Klebsiella ozaenae
  • Turbulent air flow
  • Climate factors
  • Racial factors

Secondary atrophic rhinitis- causes include:

  • Extensive surgery
  • Granulomatous diseases
  • Direct trauma
  • Radiotherapy
Rhinitis associated with inflammatory-immunologic disorders
  • Granulomatous infections
  • Wegener granulomatosis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Sjogren's syndrome
  • Midline granuloma
  • Churg-Strauss syndrome
  • Relapsing polychondritis
  • Amyloidosis


Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Butorphanol, Cefpodoxime, Desmopressin, Dimercaprol, Dornase Alfa, Flunisolide, Flurbiprofen, Ivacaftor, Moxifloxacin ophthalmic, Nilutamide, Rifaximin, Rimexolone, Sertraline, Tamsulosin, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum, Thalidomide, Tizanidine, Topiramate
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑
  2. ↑ Sacre-Hazouri JA (2012). "[Chronic rhinosinusitis in children]". Rev Alerg Mex. 59 (1): 16–24. PMID 24007929 PMID: 24007929 Check |pmid= value (help).
  3. ↑ Romeo, Jonathan; Dykewicz, Mark (2014). "Chapter 9:Differential Diagnosis of Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis". Diseases of the Sinuses. Springer New York. pp. 133–152. ISBN 978-1-4939-0265-1.
  4. ↑ Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A; et al. (2008). "Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen)". Allergy. 63 Suppl 86: 8–160. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x. PMID 18331513.
  5. ↑ Segal S, Shlamkovitch N, Eviatar E, Berenholz L, Sarfaty S, Kessler A (1999). "Vasomotor rhinitis following trauma to the nose". Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 108 (2): 208–10. PMID 10030243.

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