Fungal meningitis risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby; Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
Fungal meningitis rarely occurs in otherwise healthy individuals. Co-existing medical conditions, immunosuppression and travel history to areas where specific fungi are endemic are risk factors for fungal meningitis
Risk Factors
Risk factors in the development of Fungal meningitis include:
- Aspergillus sp.
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Travel to or residence in midwestern and southeastern USA
- Systemic infection
- Abscesses
- Draining sinus
- Ulcers
- Coccidioides immitis
- Exposure history
- Travel to or residence in southwestern US
- Dark-skinned races
- Candida sp.
- IV drug abuse
- Post surgery
- Prolonged intravenous therapy
- Disseminated candidiasis
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- Immune suppression examples systemic neoplasia and organ transplantation
- Pigeon exposure
- Skin and other organ involvement due to disseminated infection
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Exposure history
- Travel to or residence in Ohio and central Mississippi River Valley
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- Mucosal lesions
- Pseudoallescheria boydii
- Water aspiration
- Sporothrix schenckii
- Traumatic inoculation
- IV drug use
- Ulcerated skin lesion[1]
References
- ↑ Koroshetz WJ. Chapter 382. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.