Red man syndrome
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]
Overview
Red man syndrome is characterized by symptoms consistent with anaphylactoid reactions. These symptoms may include dyspnea, hypotension, urticaria, pain and spasm of chest and back muscles, wheezing, pruritus, and upper body flushing giving the typical appearance and thus the name "Red man syndrome”. On discontinuation of the offending agent, these symptoms can resolve as early as 20 minutes but in some cases may require several hours. Vancomycin is the most common agent responsible for Red man syndrome.[1]
Red Man Syndrome
Various features of red man syndrome include:[1]
Causes
Patients in whom vancomycin infusion is given over less than 1 hour and who are not pre-treated with diphenhydramine[2] |Hypersensitivity to:
Symptoms
Some associated symptoms of red man syndrome include:
- Headache
- Chills
- Diziness
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea
- Pruritis
- Rash
- Erythematous rash that involves the
- Face
- Neck and
- Upper torso
Differentiating from Anaphylactoid Reaction
Red man syndrome must be differentiated from anaphylactoid reaction.
- Absence of elevation in tryptase levels indicating that it is an anaphylactoid reaction
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Renz CL, Laroche D, Thurn JD, Finn HA, Lynch JP, Thisted R, Moss J (1998). "Tryptase levels are not increased during vancomycin-induced anaphylactoid reactions". Anesthesiology. 89 (3): 620–5. PMID 9743397.
- ↑ Wallace MR, Mascola JR, Oldfield EC (1991). "Red man syndrome: incidence, etiology, and prophylaxis". J. Infect. Dis. 164 (6): 1180–5. PMID 1955716.