Chronic diarrhea causes
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Chronic diarrhea Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Depending on the socio economic status of the population, chronic diarrhea can be caused by several factors. In a developing nation, the most likely causes of chronic bacteria include; mycobacterial and parasitic infections and less likely to include functional disorders such as malabsorption and inflammatory bowel diseases. In a developed nation however, the most likely cause of diarrhea include; irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndromes (such as lactose intolerance and celiac disease), and chronic infections (particularly in patients who are immunocompromised).
Causes
Watery diarrhea
- Osmotic diarrhea
- Mg2+, PO43-, SO42- ingestion
- Carbohydrate malabsorption
- Secretory diarrhea
- Laxative abuse (nonosmotic laxatives)
- Congenital syndromes
- Bacterial toxins
- Ileal bile acid malabsorption
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn’s disease
- Microscopic (lymphocytic and collagenous) colitis
- Diverticulitis
- Vasculitis
- Drugs and poisons
- Disordered motility
- Postvagotomy diarrhea
- Postsympathectomy diarrhea
- Diabetic autonomic neuropathy
- Hyperthyroidism
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Neuroendocrine tumors
- Gastrinoma
- VIPoma
- Somatostatinoma
- Mastocytosis
- Carcinoid syndrome
- Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
- Neoplasia
- Colon carcinoma
- Lymphoma
- Villous adenoma
- Addison’s disease
- Epidemic secretory diarrhea
- Idiopathic secretory diarrhea
Fatty diarrhea
- Malabsorption syndromes
- Mucosal diseases
- Short-bowel syndrome
- Postresection diarrhea
- Mesenteric ischemia
- Maldigestion
- Pancreatic insufficiency
- Bile acid deficiency
Inflammatory diarrhea
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn’s disease
- Diverticulitis
- Ulcerative jejunoileitis
- Infectious diseases
- Ulcerating viral infections
- Cytomegalovirus
- Herpes simplex
- Ulcerating viral infections
- Ischemic colitis
- Radiation colitis
- Neoplasia
- Colon cancer
- Lymphoma
Drugs that commonly cause diarrhea
- Gastrointestinal drugs
- Magnesium containing antacids
- Laxatives
- Cisapride
- Olsalazine
- Cardiac drugs
- Digitalis
- Quinidine
- Procainamide
- Hydralazine
- Beta-blockers
- ACE inhibitors
- Diuretics
- Antibiotics
- Clindamycin
- Ampicillin
- Amoxycillin
- Erythromycin
- Cephalosporins
- Chemotherapeutic agents
- Hypolipidemic agents
- Clofibrate
- Gemfibrozil
- Lovastatin
- Neuropsychiatric drugs
- Lithium
- Fluoxetine
- Alprazolam
- Others
- Aminophylline
- Salbutamol
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Thyroid hormones
- Colchicine
References
- ↑ Walker-Smith J, Barnard J, Bhutta Z, Heubi J, Reeves Z, Schmitz J (2002). "Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption (including short gut syndrome): Working Group Report of the First World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition". J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 35 Suppl 2: S98–105. PMID 12192177.