Diabetic foot epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- The prevalence of active diabetic foot ulcers in United Kingdom is approximately 170 per 100,000 individuals.[1][2]
Incidence
- The incidence of active diabetic foot ulcers is approximately 630 per 100,000 diabetic individuals world wide.[1][2][3][4]
- According to an other estimate the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers is approximately 1500 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[5]
- The incidence of active diabetic foot ulcers in the US veterans is approximately 500 per 100,000 individuals.[1][2][3][4]
- The incidence of active diabetic foot ulcers in United Kingdom is approximately 220 per 100,000 individuals.[1][2]
Gender
In 1987, Borch-Johnsen et al. described a male preponderance for the development of severe microvascular complications [6]. Diabetic foot disease is not an exception to this rule. For unknown reasons, men have a higher risk of diabetic foot disease compared to women. Some possible explanations are a higher bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and NO responsiveness and the protective role of estrogen in women [7]. However the beneficial effect of these factors are reversed by diabetes, irrespective of menopausal status. Nevertheless men still have a higher risk for having diabetic foot disease.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Armstrong DG, Boulton AJM, Bus SA (2017). "Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence". N Engl J Med. 376 (24): 2367–2375. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1615439. PMID 28614678.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Abbott CA, Carrington AL, Ashe H, Bath S, Every LC, Griffiths J; et al. (2002). "The North-West Diabetes Foot Care Study: incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community-based patient cohort". Diabet Med. 19 (5): 377–84. PMID 12027925.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Zhang P, Lu J, Jing Y, Tang S, Zhu D, Bi Y (2017). "Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis (†)". Ann Med. 49 (2): 106–116. doi:10.1080/07853890.2016.1231932. PMID 27585063.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH, Cohen V, Nelson KM, Heagerty PJ (2006). "Prediction of diabetic foot ulcer occurrence using commonly available clinical information: the Seattle Diabetic Foot Study". Diabetes Care. 29 (6): 1202–7. doi:10.2337/dc05-2031. PMID 16731996.
- ↑ Frykberg RG, Zgonis T, Armstrong DG, Driver VR, Giurini JM, Kravitz SR; et al. (2006). "Diabetic foot disorders. A clinical practice guideline (2006 revision)". J Foot Ankle Surg. 45 (5 Suppl): S1–66. doi:10.1016/S1067-2516(07)60001-5. PMID 17280936.
- ↑ Borch-Johnsen K, Nissen H, Salling N, Henriksen E, Kreiner S, Deckert T; et al. (1987). "The natural history of insulin-dependent diabetes in Denmark: 2. Long-term survival--who and why". Diabet Med. 4 (3): 211–6. PMID 2956021.
- ↑ Gladwin MT, Schechter AN, Ognibene FP, Coles WA, Reiter CD, Schenke WH; et al. (2003). "Divergent nitric oxide bioavailability in men and women with sickle cell disease". Circulation. 107 (2): 271–8. PMID 12538427.