Bronchiolitis risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Bronchiolitis has different range of risk factors and it can be differentiated based on the age. In adult, common risk factors in the development of bronchiolitis include exposure to cigarette smoke, living in crowded areas and immunocompromised patients. In infants, the risk factors include age < 6 months, lack of breast-feeding, prematurity, and young children infected with congenital heart diseases.[1][2]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in infants and children
The following infants and children cases are at higher risk to be infected with bronchiolitis:[1][2][3]
- Premature infants as the maternal transfer of immunoglobulins occur in the last trimester
- Young children infected with congenital heart diseases are at high risk due to decreased cardiac output.[4] These diseases include:
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Congestive heart failure
- Lack of breast-feeding
- Children and infants infected by chronic lung disease
- Immunocompromised children due to a medical condition or medical treatment
Common risk factors in adult
- Exposure to cigarette smoke.
- Living in crowded conditions.
- Immunocompromised adult patients.
- Older adults, especially those with underlying heart or lung disease.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/about/transmission.html Accessed on June 1, 2017
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Meissner HC (2016). "Viral Bronchiolitis in Children". N Engl J Med. 374 (1): 62–72. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1413456. PMID 26735994.
- ↑ Stockman LJ, Curns AT, Anderson LJ, Fischer-Langley G (2012). "Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among infants and young children in the United States, 1997-2006". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 31 (1): 5–9. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31822e68e6. PMID 21817948.
- ↑ Feltes TF, Cabalka AK, Meissner HC, Piazza FM, Carlin DA, Top FH; et al. (2003). "Palivizumab prophylaxis reduces hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease". J Pediatr. 143 (4): 532–40. PMID 14571236.