Acute viral nasopharyngitis natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]

Natural History

If left untreated, common cold resolves completely within 7-10 days.

Complications

Majority of common cold bouts pass without complications. However, complications might develop due to swelling of the nasal mucosa which facilitates the infection of the lower respiratory tract or the middle ear mucosa.

Otitis media:

Common cold may cause obstruction of eustachian tubes and predisposes to otitis media.

Sinusitis:

Sinusitis is suspected when the symptoms of common cold are prolonged not responding to treatment.

Pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections:

Although RV is not usually invading the lower respiratory tract mucosa. It may facilitate invasion of other viruses or bacteria.

Exacerbation of reactive airway disease:

Asthma is an established risk factor for developing acute viral nasopharyngitis. Also, RV has been implicated in inducing attacks of acute asthma.

Prognosis

Prognosis is generally excellent with 50% of patients recover completely within 7 days and 90% of patients recover within 15 days. Complications usually occur in immunocompromised patients or at extremes of age.

References

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