Mastoiditis pathophysiology
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Mastoiditis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Acute mastoiditis is the infection of the temporal bone that occurs after otitis media of less than one month. Mucosa lining the middle ear and also mastoid air cells becomes inflamed in the setting of acute otitis media. Most cases of the infection resolve, but some persist leading to bacterial and fluid accumulation within the mastoid air cells. With increasing pressure, mastoid air cells may be damaged.[1][2] Most common bacteria causing acute mastoiditis Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Pathogenesis
- Mucosa lining the middle ear and also mastoid air cells becomes inflamed in the setting of acute otitis media.
- Most common bacteria causing acute mastoiditis Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. [3]
- Staphylococci, Pseudomonas spp. and polymicrobials present predominantly seen in non-acute Mastoiditis.[4]
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be find in children with acute mastoiditis as a consequence of recurrent acute otitis media and antibiotic use[4]
References
- ↑ Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q (2010). "Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population". Clin Pediatr (Phila). 49 (2): 110–5. doi:10.1177/0009922809344349. PMID 19734439.
- ↑ Pang LH, Barakate MS, Havas TE (2009). "Mastoiditis in a paediatric population: a review of 11 years experience in management". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 73 (11): 1520–4. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.07.003. PMID 19758711.
- ↑ Geva A, Oestreicher-Kedem Y, Fishman G, Landsberg R, DeRowe A (2008). "Conservative management of acute mastoiditis in children". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 72 (5): 629–34. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.01.013. PMID 18304656.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Chien JH, Chen YS, Hung IF, Hsieh KS, Wu KS, Cheng MF (2012). "Mastoiditis diagnosed by clinical symptoms and imaging studies in children: disease spectrum and evolving diagnostic challenges". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 45 (5): 377–81. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.008. PMID 22578647.