African trypanosomiasis historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Pilar Almonacid; Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
- In 1841, Valentin, professor of physiology discovered a trypanosome-like flagellate for the first time in the blood of a trout.[1]
- 1843, Gruby gave a detailed description of trypanosomes based on the work done independently by Gluge, Mayer in the blood of frogs.
- 1891, Nepveu identified trypanosomes for the first time in human blood.
- 1898, Brault suggested that trypanosomes as the cause of sleeping sickness.
- 1901, Forde and Dutton described T. b. gambiense in human blood for the first time.
- 1902: First and second Sleeping Sickness Commission led by Low and Bruce was conducted in Uganda.
- 1902, Castellani identified trypanosomes in cerebrospinal fluid of sleeping sickness patients for the first time.
- 1902, Laveran and Mesnil discovered that sodium arsenite can be used to kill trypanosomes.
- 1905, Bruce suggested that tsetse flies transmit trypanosomes mechanically.
- 1909, Kleine demonstrated the cyclical transmission of trypanosomes in tsetse flies.
- 1910, Stevens and Fantham identified T. b. rhodesiense as the cause of acute sleeping sickness.
- 1914, Ritz described the antigenic variation of trypanosomes.
- 1945, DDT was used for the first time in controlling tsetse flies.
- 1949, melarsoprol was used for the first time as an anti-trypanosome drug.
- 1969, Vickerman described the coat of trypanosomes as the source of antigenic variation.
- 1992, Eflornithine was used for the treatment of human sleeping sickness.
References
- ↑ Cox FE (2004). "History of sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis)". Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 18 (2): 231–45. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2004.01.004. PMID 15145378.