Chickenpox primary prevention
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Vaccination is recommended for children as well as adults who haven't been vaccinated previously to prevent chickenpox. Two doses of chickenpox vaccine are recommended for children who never have contracted chickenpox at the following intervals. First dose is recommended between 12-15 months of age. Second dose is recommended around 4-6 years of age and also it may be given earlier if the gap between the doses is at least three months from the first dose. In adults, vaccine is recommended in people who are of 13 years of age or older. There should be a gap of atleast 28 days between the two doses.
Primary Prevention
Vaccination
A varicella vaccine has been available since 1995 to inoculate against the disease. Some countries require the varicella vaccination or an exemption before entering elementary school. Protection is not lifelong and further vaccination is necessary five years after the initial immunization.[1]
- In 1995, since chickenpox vaccine became available in the United States In 2014, 91% of children 19 to 35 months old in the United States had received one dose of varicella vaccine, varying from 83% to 95% by state. Among adolescents 13 to 17 years of age without a prior history of disease, 95% had received 1 dose of varicella vaccine, and 81% had received 2 doses of the vaccine. Eighty-five percent of adolescents had either a history of varicella disease or received 2 doses of varicella vaccine.
Varicella containing vaccines | Indications | Efficacy and immunogenicity | Recommended dose | Contraindications |
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Varicella vaccine (Varivax)[2][3][4][5] |
Children
Adolescents and Adults
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Children
Adolescents and Adults
|
|
Measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (ProQuad)[2] |
|
|
|
|
Normal Reactions to Vaccine
- Fever of 101.9 (38.9 C) up to 42 days after Injection
- Soreness, inching at the site of injection within 2 days
- Rash occurring at site of injection anywhere form 8 to 19 days after injection. If this happens you are considered contagious.
- Rash on other parts of body anywhere from 5 to 26 days after injection. If this happens you are considered contagious.
What to do Should Reaction Occur?
Control fever and lessen discomfort, take medication containing acetaminophen, (AKA paracetamol) such as
References
- ↑ Chaves SS, Gargiullo P, Zhang JX; et al. (2007). "Loss of vaccine-induced immunity to varicella over time". N Engl J Med. 356 (11): 1121&ndash, 9. PMID 17360990.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/varicella.html Accessed on October 24, 2016
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1996;45(No.RR-11)
- ↑ Goldman, GS (2005). "Universal varicella vaccination: efficacy trends and effect on herpes zoster". International Journal of Toxicology. 24 (4): 205–213. PMID 16126614.
- ↑ Brisson M, Gay N, Edmunds W, Andrews N (2002). "Exposure to varicella boosts immunity to herpes-zoster: implications for mass vaccination against chicken pox". Vaccine. 20 (19–20): 2500–7. PMID 12057605.
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5903a1.htm Accessed on October 24, 2016