Protein energy malnutrition historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Overview

The disease called kwashiorkor in the Ga language of Accra, Ghana means ‘the disease of the deposed baby’. The term signifies that the sickness an elder child may get when a younger one is born.
In 1932, kwashiorkor was first described by Dr Cicely Williams, working with African children on the Gold Coast.
Williams identified a relationship between the low-protein maize diet of the children and the occurrence of the syndrome.
In 1933, classical kwashiorkor was first described in the literature as a ‘well marked syndrome of the deposed infant’.
In the 1950s kwashiorkor dominated medical research agendas in South Africa and also in the international arena.
Into the 1970s, nutritionists focused on the development of high protein foods for weaning.