Hypogonadism differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Differentiating Hypogonadism from other Diseases
- Hypogonadism must be differentiated from diseases that cause delayed puberty or infertility. These diseases include congenital diseases as Klinefelter syndrome, Kallmann syndrome and cryptorchidism. The diseases include also
Diseases | Clinical findings | Diagnosis | Manangement | |
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Congenital diseases | Klinefelter syndrome | |||
Kallmann syndrome | ||||
Cryptorchidism | ||||
Male diseases | Testicular torsion | Patients of testicular torsion usually present with following:[1]
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Management is mainly surgical through detorsion and fixation of the affected testes. |
Orchitis | Clincial features of orchitis include the following:[2][3]
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Female diseases | Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) | Possible clinical findings in cases of PCOS:[4]
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Pelvic inflammatory disease | Patients usually present with the following:[6][7]
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Endometriosis | Clinical features of endometriosis include the following:[8]
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Medical therapy:
Surgery:
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References
- ↑ Schmitz D, Safranek S (2009). "Clinical inquiries. How useful is a physical exam in diagnosing testicular torsion?". J Fam Pract. 58 (8): 433–4. PMID 19679025.
- ↑ Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D (2009). "Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview". Am Fam Physician. 79 (7): 583–7. PMID 19378875.
- ↑ Stewart A, Ubee SS, Davies H (2011). "Epididymo-orchitis". BMJ. 342: d1543. PMID 21490048.
- ↑ Christine Cortet-Rudelli, Didier Dewailly (2006). "Diagnosis of Hyperandrogenism in Female Adolescents". Hyperandrogenism in Adolescent Girls. Armenian Health Network, Health.am. Unknown parameter
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ignored (help) - ↑ Legro RS, Barnhart HX, Schlaff WD (2007). "Clomiphene, Metformin, or Both for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome". N Engl J Med. 356 (6): 551–566. PMID 17287476.
- ↑ Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J (2015). "Pelvic inflammatory disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 372 (21): 2039–48. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1411426. PMID 25992748.
- ↑ Ford GW, Decker CF (2016). "Pelvic inflammatory disease". Dis Mon. 62 (8): 301–5. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.015. PMID 27107781.
- ↑ Murphy AA (2002). "Clinical aspects of endometriosis". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 955: 1–10, discussion 34-6, 396–406. PMID 11949938.