Echinococcosis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[3]

Overview

Echinococcosis is classified based on the site of infection and the type of tapeworm causing the infection, into cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis. It can also be classified based on the ultrasound findings and appearance.

Classification

• Based on international classification of ultrasound images in cystic echinococcosis (for application in clinical and field epidemiological settings), cystic echinococcosis is classified into:
  • Cystic echinococcosis cyst type 1 and 2
    • Cysts are active fertile cysts and contain viable protoscoleces.
  • Cystic echinococcosis type 3
    • Cysts in transitional stage, as a result of host immune response or therapy.
  • Cystic echinococcosis cyst type 4 and 5
    • Inactive cysts which have lost their fertility and are degenerative.
• Based on the site of infection, echinococcosis can be classified into:
  • Cystic echinococcosis:
    • It is due to infection of the host by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. It causes a chronic asymptomatic infection affecting the lungs and liver. Infection will lead to the formation of enlarging cysts in the liver and lungs.
  • Alveolar echinococcosis:
    • It is due to the infection of the host by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. It is common in endemic areas and results in the formation of parasitic tumors in the liver, lungs and brain.