Protein energy malnutrition epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
The prevalence of protein energy malnutrition in children under 5 years is estimated to be 150 million annually.[1] The table below show the prevalence of protein energy malnutrition in children under 5 years of age in developing countries, 1995.
| Region | Stunting (%) | Underweight (%) | Wasting (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 39 | 28 | 8 |
| Asia | 41 | 35 | 10 |
| Latin America and the caribbean | 18 | 10 | 3 |
| Oceania | 31 | 23 | 5 |
Incidence
Case fatality rate
Age
Protein energy malnutrition commonly affects children under 5 years of age.
Gender
There prevalence and incidence of kwashiorkor does not vary by gender.
Race
There is no racial predilection for kwashiorkor but it is a disease seen more frequently in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and Central America.
Developed countries
Kwashiorkor is almost never seen in developed countries. It is a disease of underdeveloped/developing countries. However, some studies conducted in 2005 - 2007 on children in united states states that an estimated 3.5 million children under the age of 5 are at risk of hunger due to an underutilization of existing programs designed to address the issue of proper distribution such as food stamps or school meals.
Developing countries
Kwashiorkor is a disease prevalent in the underdeveloped/developing countries of the world. It is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and common in Southeast Asia and Central America occuring in young children living in areas with endemic food insecurity or famine. Some of the major countries striken by kwashiorkor include but are not limited to India, China, Pakistan, Tanzania, North Korea, Nigeria and Kenya.
References
- ↑ Udani PM (1992). "Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), brain and various facets of child development". Indian J Pediatr. 59 (2): 165–86. PMID 1383143.