Osteoporosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S.[3] Farman Khan, MD, MRCP [4]
Overview
Osteoporosis is a major health problem affecting 44 million male and female patients in the United States. The disease is more common in females aged over 50 years.
Prevalence
In developed countries, the average prevalence of osteoporosis is 3871 per 100,000 patients. While osteoporosis occurs in people from all ethnic groups, European or Asian ancestry predisposes an individual for osteoporosis.[1] People of African descent have a lower fracture risk compared to Caucasians and Asians.
Age
Osteoporosis affects 55% of Americans aged 50 and above. The prevalence of osteoporosis increases with age. Fracture risk increases after the sixth decade of life. The highest incidence is found among men and women ages 80 or older.
Gender
Females are more prone to develop osteoporosis than men. Lifetime risk of fractures is three times more in women than in men, but men are associated with higher mortality rates than that of women. Through the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), large population was studied; finally, concluded that 20% of white post-menopausal women, 10% of Hispanic women, and just 5% of African American women involved in osteoporosis (i.e., T-score of less than -2.5). Taking the cutoff point used for women, into account for men, the prevalence of osteoporosis become 4%, 2%, and 3% in white, Hispanic, and African-American men, respectively.
Meanwhile, the number of men who experience such low bone mass that would encounter them to greatest risk of fracture, are more lower than women. In fact, the percentage of men and women, who have bone marrow density (BMD) of lower than -2.5 SD below the mean for 20-29 years old women, are 4% and 20%, respectively.