Mastoiditis historical perspective
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Mastoiditis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2]
Overview
Mastoiditis and middle ear diseases have evidently been present in the human race for centuries. Mastoiditis was first described by Hippocrates in the 5th century B.C.E. The first recorded surgical incision for treatment of middle ear infection was performed in the 16th century C.E. by French physician Ambroise Pare. Initial therapies for middle ear diseases were surgical; mastoidectomy was first performed by French physician Jean-Louis Petit in the 17th century C.E. German physicians Hermann Schwartze, Anton von Troltsch, and Adam Politzer published the first journal dedicated to ear pathology and treatment in 1865. Antibiotic therapy for the treatment of mastoiditis emerged with the mass production of penicillin in 1940 by Alexander Fleming, Howard Florey, and Ernst Chain. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), which emerged in 2000, greatly reduced the incidence of otitis media and mastoiditis by providing individuals with protection against the causative pathogens.
Discovery
- Roman physicians Hippocrates (450 BC) and Celsus (25 AD) described intracranial complications of otitis media, including mastoiditis.
- Morgagni and Lebert (1856) and Macewan (1881) later explained the study of the pathophysiology and management of intracranial complications of otitis media, including mastoiditis.[1]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- The first recorded surgical incision for the treatment of middle ear infection was performed in the 16th century C.E. by French physician Ambroise Pare.
- Initial therapies for middle ear infections and mastoiditis were surgical; mastoidectomy was first performed by French physician Jean-Louis Petit in the 17th century C.E.
- German physicians Hermann Schwartze, Anton von Troltsch, and Adam Politzer advanced the discourse of clinical study of otitis media by publishing the first journal dedicated to ear pathology and treatment in 1865.[2]
- Adam Politzer founded the first otology clinic in 1873 in Austria, beginning the codification and standardization of the treatment of such ear diseases as otitis media and mastoiditis.
- The use of antibiotics for the treatment of mastoiditis emerged with the mass production of penicillin in 1940 by Alexander Fleming, Howard Florey, and Ernst Chain.[3]
- This was the first instance of the modern use of antibiotic therapy, as opposed to surgery, for the treatment of middle ear diseases.
- The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), which emerged in 2000, greatly reduced the incidence of otitis media by providing individuals with protection against the causative pathogens.[4]
References
- ↑ Modak VB, Chavan VR, Borade VR, Kotnis DP, Jaiswal SJ (2005). "Intracranial complications of otitis media: In retrospect". Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 57 (2): 130–5. doi:10.1007/BF02907667. PMC 3450981. PMID 23120149.
- ↑ Bento RF, Fonseca AC (2013). "A brief history of mastoidectomy". Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 17 (2): 168–78. doi:10.7162/S1809-97772013000200009. PMC 4423283. PMID 25992009.
- ↑ Diamant H, Hultcrantz M (1996). "[Glimpses from the history of otitis media]". Nord Medicinhist Arsb (in Swedish): 189–95. PMID 11624973.
- ↑ Marom T, Tan A, Wilkinson GS, Pierson KS, Freeman JL, Chonmaitree T (2014). "Trends in otitis media-related health care use in the United States, 2001-2011". JAMA Pediatr. 168 (1): 68–75. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3924. PMC 3947317. PMID 24276262.