Diabetic ketoacidosis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
History
Age of onset
- Young children tend to present more likely with DKA as the first presentation of type 1 diabetes than older children.[1]
- Peripubertal and adolescent girls are affected more than other age groups.
Family History
Initial Presentation
Past Medical History
Social History
Symptoms
Early Symptoms
- Sluggish, extreme tiredness
- Fruity smell to breath/compare to nail polish remover, similar to peardrops
- Extreme thirst, despite large fluid intake
- Constant urination
- Extreme weight-loss
- Oral Thrush may be present, or/ yeast infections that fail to go away, this is because the normal fungal/flora present in oral cavity/cervix in women, the balance is upset and bacterial began to feast on the high sugar from urine output/ dry mouth from extreme thirst.
- Muscle wasting
- Agitation / Irritation / Aggression / Confusion
Late Symptoms
At this point, DKA is life-threatening and medical attention should be sought immediately.
- Emesis (vomiting), although this is not always a sign of late-stage ketoacidosis, and can occur both in early-stage ketoacidosis and in non-ketoacidic hyperglycaemia.
- Confusion
- Abdominal pain
- Loss of appetite
- Flu-like symptoms
- Lethargy and apathy
- Extreme weakness
- Kussmaul breathing ("air hunger"). Patients breathe more deeply and/or rapidly.
- Unconsciousness (diabetic coma) after prolonged DKA. At this stage, speedy medical attention is imperative.
References
- ↑ de Vries L, Oren L, Lazar L, Lebenthal Y, Shalitin S, Phillip M (2013). "Factors associated with diabetic ketoacidosis at onset of Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents". Diabet. Med. 30 (11): 1360–6. doi:10.1111/dme.12252. PMID 23758313.