Differentiating Metabolic syndrome from other diseases

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Metabolic syndrome syndrome must be differentiated from other diseases that cause hypertension, obesity, and hyperandrogenism, such as Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's syndrome.

Differentiating Metabolic Syndrome from other Diseases

The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate pseudo-Cushing's disease from other conditions that may cause hypertension, hyperandrogenism, and obesity. Facial plethora, skin changes, osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Conditions Causes Associated features Diagnostic approach Metabolic syndrome X Familial/genetic Obesity Insulin resistance Obesity Hypertension PCOS/hyperandrogenism Oligomenorrhea/hypogonadism Dyslipidemia Diabetes/Glucose intolerance Waist circumference Low-density lipoproteins High-density lipoproteins Glucose tolerance test Fasting blood sugar HbA1c Cushing's syndrome Iatrogenic Pituitary adenoma Adrenal tumor Adrenal hyperplasia Ectopic ACTH secretion Obesity Hypertension PCOS/hyperandrogenism Oligomenorrhea/hypogonadism Osteoporosis Myopathy/cutaneous wasting Neuropsychiatric problems Kidney stones 24-hour urine cortisol Midnight salivary cortisol Low dose dexamethasone challenge test CRH stimulation High dose dexamethasone test MRI brain CT/MRI adrenals Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome Obesity Alcoholism Depression HIV Obesity Hypertension PCOS/hyperandrogenism Oligomenorrhea/hypogonadism Urinary free cortisol Midnight salivary cortisol Low dose dexamethasone challenge test Glucose tolerance test Loperamide test References