Gynecomastia natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

  • If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
  • Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
  • Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

  • The signs of gynecomastia usually develops in neonatal, in pubertal age or in elderly.
  • Without treatment gynecomastia has some associated risk of breast cancer, however, the majority of physiological gynecomastia resolves in months to years time.
  • Secondary gynecomastia usually responds to treatment or removal of the underlying cause.

Complications

  • Complications of gynecomastia include:
    • Persistent pubertal gynecomastia
    • Breast cancer
    • Psychological stressess

Prognosis

  • Gynecomastia is a benign breast enlargement and the majority of adolescent gynecomastia resolved spontaneously.
  • Persistent gynecomastia can cause psychosocial stresses and can be treated with surgical options with a good outcome.[1] [2] [3]

References

  1. Wiesman, IM.; et al. "Gynecomastia: An Outcome Analysis".
  2. Li CC, Fu JP, Chang SC, Chen TM, Chen SG (2012). "Surgical treatment of gynecomastia: complications and outcomes". Ann Plast Surg. 69 (5): 510–5. doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e318222834d. PMID 21712702.
  3. Choi BS, Lee SR, Byun GY, Hwang SB, Koo BH (2017). "The Characteristics and Short-Term Surgical Outcomes of Adolescent Gynecomastia". Aesthetic Plast Surg. doi:10.1007/s00266-017-0886-z. PMID 28451801.

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