Thyroid nodule causes

Thyroid nodule Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]

Causes

• Causes of benign thyroid nodule:
  • Multinodular (sporadic) goiter ("colloid adenoma")
  • Hashimoto's (chronic lymphocytic) thyroiditis
  • Cysts (colloid, simple, or hemorrhagic)
  • Follicular adenomas
  • Macrofollicular adenomas
  • Microfollicular or cellular adenomas
  • Hürthle cell (oxyphil cell) adenomas
  • Macro- or microfollicular patterns
• Causes of malignant nodule mutations:
  • Childhood radioiodine exposure
  • Familial history
• The most important genes that can cause thyroid cancer include:
  • N&H ras
  • RET
  • Gsp
  • C-MET (α and β subunit)
  • TRK
  • EGF / EGF-R
  • P53