Gynecomastia differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2]

Overview

Gynecomastia must be differentiated from pseudogynecomastia and breast cancer.

Gynecomastia can be differentiated from other pathologies by detailed history taking and physical examination.^[1]^[2]^[3]


Differential Diagnosis	Differentiating Features

Gynecomastia	Round discrete mass felt under areola and usually bilateral.
Pseudogynecomastia	Increased adipose rather than glandular tissue on examination.
Lipoma	Asymmetric breast enlargement.
Breast cancer	Nipple discharge, Axillary lymphadenopathy, usually nonpainful mass.
Sebaceous cyst	Asymmetric enlargement and swelling feels closer to the skin.
Mastitis	Systemic clinical features of infection.

↑ Dickson G (2012). "Gynecomastia". Am Fam Physician. 85 (7): 716–22. PMID 22534349.
↑ Croes K, Baeyens W, Bruckers L, Den Hond E, Koppen G, Nelen V; et al. (2009). "Hormone levels and sexual development in Flemish adolescents residing in areas differing in pollution pressure". Int J Hyg Environ Health. 212 (6): 612–25. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.05.002. PMID 19546029.
↑ Laituri CA, Garey CL, Ostlie DJ, St Peter SD, Gittes GK, Snyder CL (2010). "Treatment of adolescent gynecomastia". J Pediatr Surg. 45 (3): 650–4. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.11.016. PMID 20223338.