Psychosis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]
Causes
Causes of mental illness are customarily distinguished as "organic" or "functional". Organic causes are those for which a medical, pathophysiological basis can be found. Functional causes are "the rest", the psychological causes properly speaking, e.g. anxiety, depression, etc.
"Functional" causes
Functional causes of psychosis include the following:
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar disorder (manic depression)
- Severe clinical depression
- Severe psychosocial stress
- Sleep deprivation
A psychotic episode can be significantly affected by mood. For example, people experiencing a psychotic episode in the context of depression may experience persecutory or self-blaming delusions or hallucinations, while people experiencing a psychotic episode in the context of mania may form grandiose delusions.
Stress is known to contribute to and trigger psychotic states. A history of psychologically traumatic events, and the recent experience of a stressful event, can both contribute to the development of psychosis. Short-lived psychosis triggered by stress is known as brief reactive psychosis, and patients may spontaneously recover normal functioning within two weeks.[1] In some rare cases, individuals may remain in a state of full-blown psychosis for many years, or perhaps have attenuated psychotic symptoms (such as low intensity hallucinations) present at most times.
Sleep deprivation has been linked to psychosis.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | Mesothelioma |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drugs | Alcohol, Dextromethorphan, antihistamines at high doses,Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Cimetidine,Pergolide, Sodium oxybate,Anticholinergic drugs,Atropine, scopalamine, Jimson weed, Antidepressants, Antiepileptics,Isotretinoin, Varenicline, Ziconotide,Cocaine,Amphetamines, LSD, Psilocybin, Mescaline,
MDMA (ecstasy), PCP
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| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | AIDS,Leprosy, Malaria, Mumps, Flu, Lyme disease, Syphilis |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Ewing's sarcoma, Polyradiculitis |
| Neurologic | Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsons, Lewy bodydementia Adult-onset vanishing white matter leukoencephalopathy, Late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Brain tumor |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | Hypocalcemia, Hypernatremia, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hypermagnesemia, Hypophosphatemia |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | Lupus |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying cause |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Sarcoidosis |