Toxic Adenoma natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

If left untreated, 18% of patients with toxic adenoma may progress to develop thyrotoxic.^[1]^[2]
Nodule size is a strong predictor of whether thyrotoxicosis will develop in solitary adenomas.
Most autonomously functioning thyroid nodules that become thyrotoxic are larger than 2.5 to 3 cm in diameter.
Consequences of untreated toxic multinodular goiter are due to hyperthyrtoidism or thyrotoxicosis which includes increased risks of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and decreased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
Spontaneous resolution of a toxic adenoma can occur very rarely because of hemorrhage, cystic degeneration, and loss of autonomous function.

↑ Parle JV, Maisonneuve P, Sheppard MC, Boyle P, Franklyn JA (2001). "Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: a 10-year cohort study". Lancet. 358 (9285): 861–5. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06067-6. PMID 11567699.
↑ Pearce EN, Braverman LE (2004). "Hyperthyroidism: advantages and disadvantages of medical therapy". Surg. Clin. North Am. 84 (3): 833–47. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2004.01.007. PMID 15145238.