Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.
- The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
- If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
Complications
- The complications associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, like osteopenia and nephrolithiasis, is not increased in persons with benign familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, and the rates are similar to those in the general population.
- Rarely, a severe form of this disease, neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism is seen in infants with homozygous CASR mutations.[1]
- Very rarely FHH is associated with[2][3][4]
*Pancreatitis *Chondrocalcinosis *Gallstones
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
- Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression/etc.] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
- The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
- [Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
- The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.
References
- ↑ Varghese J, Rich T, Jimenez C (2011). "Benign familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia". Endocr Pract. 17 Suppl 1: 13–7. doi:10.4158/EP10308.RA. PMID 21478088.
- ↑ Marx SJ, Attie MF, Levine MA, Spiegel AM, Downs RW, Lasker RD (1981). "The hypocalciuric or benign variant of familial hypercalcemia: clinical and biochemical features in fifteen kindreds". Medicine (Baltimore). 60 (6): 397–412. PMID 7311809.
- ↑ Law WM, Heath H (1985). "Familial benign hypercalcemia (hypocalciuric hypercalcemia). Clinical and pathogenetic studies in 21 families". Ann. Intern. Med. 102 (4): 511–9. PMID 3977197.
- ↑ Heath H (1989). "Familial benign (hypocalciuric) hypercalcemia. A troublesome mimic of mild primary hyperparathyroidism". Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 18 (3): 723–40. PMID 2673770.