Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic. OR The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].

History and Symptoms

Patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) have varied symptoms depending upon the subtype.

• Type I autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome is typically seen in infants.
  • These infants presents with persistent candidal infection of the skin and mucous membranes.
  • The most common symptoms of APS-1 include mucocutaneous candidiasis, Addison's disease and hypoparathyroidism. This condition is also termed as APECED autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy.
  • The first presentation of APS type 1 is candidiasis see in children less than 5 years. This is followed by symptoms of hypoparathyroidism (seen in children < 10 years). Lastly, Addison disease appears in patients < 15 years of age.
  • Other APS-1 associated diseases include autoimmune hepatitis, primary hypothyroidism, a malabsorption syndrome, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, type 1 diabetes, alopecia, primary hypogonadism, cutaneous abnormalities, pulmonary disease, ovarian failure, pericarditis, cerebellar degeneration, encephalopathy, asplenia, esophageal cancer, polyneuropathy, pure red cell aplasia and others.

In autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, the time interval between onset of one endocrinopathy to another may take upto 20 years. In individuals with APS type I around 50% individuals developed secondary endocrinopathy after 20 years of being diagnosed with Addison's disease.

• The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

• The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
• Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. 

History and Symptoms

Type I: fungal infections (chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis), thyroid issues (hypoparathyroidism), autoimmune adrenal insufficency, type 1 diabetes, reproductive issues (hypogonadism), anemia, malabsorption, baldness, and vitiligo

Symptoms may appear as young as five years old (specifically with candidiasis). Hypoparathyroidism commonly appears in people younger than 10 years. Autoimmune adrenal insufficency appears in people younger than 15 years.

Type II: autoimmune disease (Addison's disease), thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, reproductive issues (hypogonadism), digestive issues (Celiac disease) and neuromuscular disease (myasthenia gravis). Type III: digestive issues (Celiac disease and gastric carcinoid tumors), reproductive issues (hypogonadism), autoimmune disorders (sarcoidosis), and rheumatoid arthritis.

History

Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:

• [history finding 1]
• [history finding 2]
• [history finding 3]

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of [disease] include:

• [symptom 1]
• [symptom 2]
• [symptom 3]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of [disease name] include

• [symptom 1]
• [symptom 2]
• [symptom 3]