Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The exact incidence of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is not known due to lack of population-based studies. However, according to the the national diabetes surveillance program of the centers for disease control (CDC), HHS accounts for less than 1000 hospital admissions per 100,000 diabetic admissions.^[1]^[2]
In the year 1995, the annual incidence of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state has been reported to be 17.5 persons per 100,000 persons per year.^[3]^[1]

Case-fatality rate of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state varies from a low of less than 5000 per 100,000 individuals to a high of 20,000 per 100,000 individuals.^[2]
Case-fatality rates of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state differ according to the level of care provided and healthcare setting.^[4]

The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state commonly affects type 2 diabetic individuals older than 65 years years of age. It is less commonly seen in children and young adults.^[2]

The prevalence and incidence of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is higher in black population.^[5]^[1]

The prevalence and incidence of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is higher in men as compared to women.^[5]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Umpierrez GE, Kelly JP, Navarrete JE, Casals MM, Kitabchi AE (1997). "Hyperglycemic crises in urban blacks". Arch. Intern. Med. 157 (6): 669–75. PMID 9080921.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN (2009). "Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes". Diabetes Care. 32 (7): 1335–43. doi:10.2337/dc09-9032. PMC 2699725. PMID 19564476.
↑ Lorber D (1995). "Nonketotic hypertonicity in diabetes mellitus". Med. Clin. North Am. 79 (1): 39–52. PMID 7808094.
↑ "Diabetes Care".
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Farsani SF, Brodovicz K, Soleymanlou N, Marquard J, Wissinger E, Maiese BA (2017). "Incidence and prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D): a systematic literature review". BMJ Open. 7 (7): e016587. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016587. PMID 28765134.