Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.
- The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
- If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
Complications
The complications of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) depends upon the endocrine/non-endocrine organ involved.
- Common complications of APS type 2 include those arising from Addison's disease such as:[1]
- Common complications of APS type 3 include those arising from autoimmune thyroiditis such as:[2][3][4][5][6]
Prognosis
Type I: The prognosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I is variable, depending on how organs are affected and the severity of the disease.
Type II: Prognosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II depends on whether endocrine end-organ failures occur or not.
Type III: Prognosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type III depends on whether glandular failures occur or not.
Prognosis
The prognosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type is variable, depending on how organs are affected and the severity of the disease. Prognosis also depends on whether endocrine end-organ failures occur or not.
References
- ↑ Quinkler M (2012). "[Addison's disease]". Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed (in German). 107 (6): 454–9. doi:10.1007/s00063-012-0112-3. PMID 22907517.
- ↑ Caturegli P, De Remigis A, Rose NR (2014). "Hashimoto thyroiditis: clinical and diagnostic criteria". Autoimmun Rev. 13 (4–5): 391–7. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.007. PMID 24434360.
- ↑ Kirshner HS (2014). "Hashimoto's encephalopathy: a brief review". Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 14 (9): 476. doi:10.1007/s11910-014-0476-2. PMID 25027262.
- ↑ Lun Y, Wu X, Xia Q, Han Y, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wang F, Duan Z, Xin S, Zhang J (2013). "Hashimoto's thyroiditis as a risk factor of papillary thyroid cancer may improve cancer prognosis". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 148 (3): 396–402. doi:10.1177/0194599812472426. PMID 23300224.
- ↑ Ahmed R, Al-Shaikh S, Akhtar M (2012). "Hashimoto thyroiditis: a century later". Adv Anat Pathol. 19 (3): 181–6. doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e3182534868. PMID 22498583.
- ↑ Chiang B, Cheng S, Seow CJ (2016). "Commonly forgotten complication of Hashimoto's thyroiditis". BMJ Case Rep. 2016. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-217568. PMID 27797845.