Toxic multinodular goiter echocardiography or ultrasound

Toxic multinodular goiter Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Toxic multinodular goiter from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Toxic multinodular goiter echocardiography or ultrasound On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Toxic multinodular goiter echocardiography or ultrasound All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Toxic multinodular goiter echocardiography or ultrasound
CDC on Toxic multinodular goiter echocardiography or ultrasound
Toxic multinodular goiter echocardiography or ultrasound in the news
Blogs on Toxic multinodular goiter echocardiography or ultrasound
Directions to Hospitals Treating Toxic multinodular goiter
Risk calculators and risk factors for Toxic multinodular goiter echocardiography or ultrasound

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Ultrasound

• Thyroid ultrasonography is the imaging method of choice in the diagnosis of multinodular goiter.
• Findings on an ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter include more than one nodule including the non-palpable nodules cysts with varying echogenicity.
• Thyroid ultrasonography helps in assessment of size and number of nodules.
• Assessment of vascular characteristics of a thyroid nodule with Doppler helps in screening thyroid nodules for malignancy.

• Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter benign nodules include
  • iso-hyperechoic nodules
  • surrounding hypoechoic halo
  • spongelike/honeycomb pattern
  • peripheral (eggshell) or coarse calcifications.
  • Doppler:
    • peripheral vessels are usually noted
    • the risk of malignancy is lower in nodules with a predominantly perinodular pattern

• Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter malignant nodules include:
  • hypoechoic solid
  • intranodular blood flow.
  • Presence of microcalcifications
  • size greater than 10mm
  • the risk of malignancy is higher in nodules with an exclusively central vascular pattern.
• It is important to screen for presence of malignant features (if any) and futher investigate with fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) from the suspicious nodule.

• Thyroid ultrasonography can be used to guide FNAB. ultrasonography-guided FNAB may be preferable to palpation-guided FNAB.
• The possibility of measuring thyroid volume is another highly useful feature of ultrasonographic studies particularly after therapy with L-T4 or radioiodine ablation

• Mazzaglia concluded that surgeon-performed ultrasonographic examinations can be used to make necessary changes in surgical treatment and to avoid unnecessary surgery.