Marburg hemorrhagic fever natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Case fatality rates in Marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreaks have ranged from 23% to 90%.

Natural History

• Human and nonhuman primates are susceptible to filovirus infection and are considered to be end hosts rather than potential reservoirs.
• Surveys to identify animal reservoirs and arthropod vectors have been aggressively undertaken in endemic areas, particularly after most large filovirus outbreaks.
• If left untreated symptoms of marburg hemorrhagic fever become increasingly severe and can include jaundice, inflammation of the pancreas, severe weight loss, delirium, shock, liver failure, massive hemorrhaging, and multi-organ dysfunction.
• Because many of the signs and symptoms of Marburg hemorrhagic fever are similar to those of other infectious diseases such as malaria or typhoid fever, clinical diagnosis of the disease can be difficult, especially if only a single case is involved.

Complications

Common complications of marburg hemorrhagic fever include:

• Orchitis
• Transverse myelitis
• Parotid gland inflammation
• Pancreatic hemorrhage
• Chronic hepatitis