Plummer-Vinson syndrome laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

OR

[Test] is usually normal among patients with [disease name].

OR

Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].

OR

There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of Plummer-Vinson syndrome include presence of iron deficiency anemia:

• Complete blood count should be done in patients of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and will have the following findings:
  • Low mean corpuscular volume (MCV <80 fl)
  • Low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
  • Elevated platelet count (platelets > 450,000/µL)
  • Normal or elevated white blood cell count

• Iron studies should be done in patients with pallor, dysphagia or esophageal webs to confirm the diagnosis of Plummer-Vinson syndrome. The tests usually done for iron deficiency anemia are:
  • Serum iron- Decreased in iron deficiency
  • Transferrin- Elevated in iron deficiency
  • Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)- Elevated in iron deficiency.
  • Transferrin saturation- derived by dividing the serum iron by the TIBC. Decreased in iron deficiency.
  • Ferritin- Indicator of body iron stores and is low in iron deficiency. However, ferritin also acts as an acute phase reactant and can be unreliable in inflammatory illness.

Change in lab values in iron deficiency anemia

Change	Parameter
Decrease	Hemoglobin, Ferritin, MCV
Increase	TIBC, Transferrin, RDW

• Peripheral smear:
  • RBCs are microcytic and hypochromic
  • Increased number of platelets
  • Target cells (can be seen in any case of anemia)
  • Presence of ringed sideroblasts and basophilic stippling

• Other test includes:
  • Stool testing: It should be done in all men and postmenopausal women who present with iron deficiency anemia to rule out colonic polyps and malignancy.
  • Blood lead levels: It is done in cases of
  • Bone marrow aspiration for stainable iron: This the most accurate test to determine iron deficiency. However, it is not routinely done, since other blood and iron studies are reliable source to determine the presence of iron deficiency anemia.