Whipple's disease classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Whipple’s disease may be classified into 4 groups based on clinical manifestation: Acute infection, asymptomatic carrier state, the classic Whipple’s disease, and localized chronic infection.
Classification
- Whipple's disease may be classified to 2 groups of acute and chronic based on the duration.
- Whipple's disease may be classified to 2 groups of systemic and localized infection based on organ involvement.
- Tropheryma whipplei infection may be classified to 4 groups based on the clinical manifestation:[1][2]
- Acute infections such as:
- Asymptomatic carrier state
- The classic Whipple’s disease
- Localized involvement of different organs including:
Whipple's disease classification based on the duration
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| Acute | Chronic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gastroenteritis | Pneumonia | Bacteremia | Asymptomatic carrier state | Classic Whipple's disease | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chronic localized infection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Whipple's disease classification based on organ involvement
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| Systemic involvement | Localized involvement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heart | CNS | Eye | Lung | Bone | Serosa | Skin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • Blood-culture negative endocarditis • Adhesive pericarditis • Myocardial fibrosis | • Encephalitis • Progressive dementia • Cerebellar ataxia • Personality changes • Hemiparesis • Seizure • Wernicke’s encephalopathy • Hypothalamic involvement • Supranuclear ophthalmoplegia | • Uveitis • Vitritis • Retinitis • Retrobulbar neuritis • Papilledema | • Arthritis • Spondylodiscitis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Marth, Thomas (2009). "New Insights into Whipple's Disease – A Rare Intestinal Inflammatory Disorder". Digestive Diseases. 27 (4): 494–501. doi:10.1159/000233288. ISSN 1421-9875.
- ↑ Street, Sara; Donoghue, Helen D; Neild, GH (1999). "Tropheryma whippelii DNA in saliva of healthy people". The Lancet. 354 (9185): 1178–1179. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03065-2. ISSN 0140-6736.