Diffuse esophageal spasm natural history, complications and prognosis

Diffuse esophageal spasm Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

• DES is generally non progressive, if left untreated there are very few case reports of progression to achalasia and nut cracker esophagus.

Complications

• Common complications of DES include:
  • Achalasia
  • Nut cracker esophagus

Prognosis

• Prognosis is generally excellent and the disease has no mortality recorded.