Diffuse esophageal spasm classification

Diffuse esophageal spasm Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Madhu Sigdel M.B.B.S.[2]

Classification

There is no established system for the classification of DES although it is categorized as one of the major disorders of peristalsis according to The Chicago Classification v.3.0. However, DES are classified as primary or secondary DES based on presence or absence of GERD associated with it.