Carcinoid syndrome history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]
Overview
Symptoms of carcinoid tumor include flushing, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, wheezing, and cough.[1]
History
When evaluating a patient for carcinoid syndrome, you should take a detailed history of the presenting symptom (onset, duration, and progression), other associated symptoms, and a thorough past medical history review. Other specific areas of focus when obtaining the history are:
- Review of any family history of predisposing genetic disorders such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or neurofibromatosis type 1.
Symptoms
Carcinoid Syndrome
Common symptoms of carcinoid syndrome include:[1]
- Flushing
- Diarrhea
- Wheezing
- Abdominal cramping
- Leg edema
- Shortness of breath
- Palpitations
- Weight gain
- Hirsutism
- Weakness
This constellation of symptoms is called carcinoid syndrome or (if acute) carcinoid crisis. Occasionally, hemorrhage or pressure effects of the tumor are the presenting symptoms.
Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor
Common symptoms of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor include:[1]
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Facial flushing
- Rash
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Pellagra, which causes scale-like skin sores, diarrhea, and mental disturbances
- Melena
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Jaundice
Duodenal Carcinoid Tumor
Common symptoms of duodenal carcinoid tumor due to gastrin overproduction include:[1]
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Hemorrhage from multiple and recurrent peptic ulcers
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Diarrhea from hypergastrinemia
Jejunal and Ileal Carcinoid Tumor
Common symptoms of jejunal and ileal carcinoid tumor include:[1]
- Small intestinal obstruction
- Intermittent crampy abdominal pain
Colorectal carcinoid Tumor
Common symptoms of colorectal carcinoid tumor include:[1]
Lung Carcinoid Tumor
Common symptoms of lung carcinoid tumor include:[1]
Thymic Carcinoid
Thymic carcinoid causes Cushing syndrome as a result of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion by the tumor. Common symptoms of Cushing syndrome include:[1]
- Central obesity
- Moon face
- Diaphoresis
- Insomnia
- Decreased libido
- Impotence
- Amenorrhoea
- Infertility
- Mood disorders[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq
- ↑ Yudofsky, Stuart C. (2007). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Pub, Inc. ISBN 1585622397. Unknown parameter
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