Diffuse esophageal spasm
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Diffuse esophageal spasm Microchapters |
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Differentiating Diffuse esophageal spasm from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Diffuse esophageal spasm On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Diffuse esophageal spasm |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Diffuse esophageal spasm |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Madhu Sigdel M.B.B.S.[2]
Synonyms and keywords:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Diffuse esophageal spasm from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Electrocardiogram | Laboratory Findings | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies | Other Imaging Findings
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies