Pancreatic cancer MRI
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pancreatic cancer MRI |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
MRI
- MRI is considered when there is a diagnostic difficulty even after performing a CT scan.
- MRI is helpful in staging the extent and spread of pancreatic carcinoma rather than for detecting tumors or lesions less than 2 cm in size.
- MRI also helps in avoiding the radiation exposure when compared to a CT scan.
- MRI scan while determining pancreatic adenocarcinoma relies on the assessment of the size, shape, contour of the gland.
- Gadolinium is the contrast material most commonly used in the contrast MRI scan of the pancreas.
- MRI is helpful in characterizing cystic lesions of the pancreas and can aid in arriving at the diagnosis.
- Pancreatic cancer shows hypointense lesions on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images.
- For the complete evaluation of the pancreatic parenchyma and the pancreaticobiliary ductal system, the following magnetic resonance sequences is advised:
- T1-weighted gradient-echo; T2-weighted axial and coronal sequences, usually turbo spin-echo; two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) MRCP
- T1-weighted 3D gradient-echo (GRE) before and after intravenous administration of gadolinium.
- Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) nowadays is being widely used.
- On MRI scan the Pancreatic cancer present as:[5] [6]
- Hypointense on T1-weighted images
- Hyperintense or isointense on T2-weighted images.
- During dynamic MR imaging, the tumor of pancreatic cancer in the early phase shows diminished enhancement and in the late phase shows gradual enhancement.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Tummala P, Junaidi O, Agarwal B (2011). "Imaging of pancreatic cancer: An overview". J Gastrointest Oncol. 2 (3): 168–74. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2011.036. PMC 3397617. PMID 22811847.
- ↑ Lee ES, Lee JM (2014). "Imaging diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: a state-of-the-art review". World J Gastroenterol. 20 (24): 7864–77. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i24.7864. PMC 4069314. PMID 24976723.
- ↑ Sahani DV, Bonaffini PA, Catalano OA, Guimaraes AR, Blake MA (2012). "State-of-the-art PET/CT of the pancreas: current role and emerging indications". Radiographics. 32 (4): 1133–58, discussion 1158-60. doi:10.1148/rg.324115143. PMID 22786999.
- ↑ Schima W (2006). "MRI of the pancreas: tumours and tumour-simulating processes". Cancer Imaging. 6: 199–203. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2006.0035. PMC 1766565. PMID 17208676.
- ↑ Gabata T, Matsui O, Kadoya M, Yoshikawa J, Miyayama S, Takashima T; et al. (1994). "Small pancreatic adenocarcinomas: efficacy of MR imaging with fat suppression and gadolinium enhancement". Radiology. 193 (3): 683–8. doi:10.1148/radiology.193.3.7972808. PMID 7972808.
- ↑ Vellet AD, Romano W, Bach DB, Passi RB, Taves DH, Munk PL (1992). "Adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic ducts: comparative evaluation with CT and MR imaging at 1.5 T." Radiology. 183 (1): 87–95. doi:10.1148/radiology.183.1.1312736. PMID 1312736.