Whipple's disease laboratory findings
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Bhagyashree Deshmankar M.B.B.S.[2]; Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[3]
Overview
Some patients with Whipple's disease may have abnormal hematological findings and elevated acute phase reactants, which is suggestive of the infection. Biopsy of the affected tissue is important to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory evidence of malabsorption including hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia may be seen.
Laboratory Findings
Laboratory findings associated with the Whipple's are findings related to infection, chronic disease, and malabsorption.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
- Elevated level of acute phase reactants
- Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)
- Hematological findings include:
- Laboratory evidence of malabsorption may be seen:
References
- ↑ Dutly F, Altwegg M (2001). "Whipple's disease and "Tropheryma whippelii"". Clin Microbiol Rev. 14 (3): 561–83. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.3.561-583.2001. PMC 88990. PMID 11432814.
- ↑ Fenollar F, Puéchal X, Raoult D (2007). "Whipple's disease". N Engl J Med. 356 (1): 55–66. doi:10.1056/NEJMra062477. PMID 17202456.
- ↑ Schneider T, Moos V, Loddenkemper C, Marth T, Fenollar F, Raoult D (2008). "Whipple's disease: new aspects of pathogenesis and treatment". Lancet Infect Dis. 8 (3): 179–90. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70042-2. PMID 18291339.
- ↑ Marth, Thomas; Moos, Verena; Müller, Christian; Biagi, Federico; Schneider, Thomas (2016). "Tropheryma whipplei infection and Whipple's disease". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 16 (3): e13–e22. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00537-X. ISSN 1473-3099.
- ↑ Schoniger-Hekele, M.; Petermann, D.; Weber, B.; Muller, C. (2007). "Tropheryma whipplei in the Environment: Survey of Sewage Plant Influxes and Sewage Plant Workers". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73 (6): 2033–2035. doi:10.1128/AEM.02335-06. ISSN 0099-2240.
- ↑ Bureš, Jan; Kopáčová, Marcela; Douda, Tomáš; Bártová, Jolana; Tomš, Jan; Rejchrt, Stanislav; Tachecí, Ilja (2013). "Whipple's Disease: Our Own Experience and Review of the Literature". Gastroenterology Research and Practice. 2013: 1–10. doi:10.1155/2013/478349. ISSN 1687-6121.
- ↑ Dutly, F.; Altwegg, M. (2001). "Whipple's Disease and "Tropheryma whippelii"". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 14 (3): 561–583. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.3.561-583.2001. ISSN 0893-8512.
- ↑ Dolmans, Ruben A. V.; Boel, C. H. Edwin; Lacle, Miangela M.; Kusters, Johannes G. (2017). "Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei Infections". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 30 (2): 529–555. doi:10.1128/CMR.00033-16. ISSN 0893-8512.
- ↑ Conly JM, Johnston BL (2001). "Rare but not so rare: The evolving spectrum of Whipple's disease". Can J Infect Dis. 12 (3): 133–5. PMC 2094813. PMID 18159328.
- ↑ Fenollar, Florence; Lagier, Jean-Christophe; Raoult, Didier (2014). "Tropheryma whipplei and Whipple's disease". Journal of Infection. 69 (2): 103–112. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2014.05.008. ISSN 0163-4453.
- ↑ Keita, Alpha Kabinet; Brouqui, Philippe; Badiaga, Sékéné; Benkouiten, Samir; Ratmanov, Pavel; Raoult, Didier; Fenollar, Florence (2013). "Tropheryma whipplei prevalence strongly suggests human transmission in homeless shelters". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 17 (1): e67–e68. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.1033. ISSN 1201-9712.
- ↑ Schwartzman, Sergio; Schwartzman, Monica (2013). "Whipple's Disease". Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 39 (2): 313–321. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2013.03.005. ISSN 0889-857X.