Gastrointestinal varices historical perspective
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Differentiating Gastrointestinal varices from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Landmark Events In The Development Of Treatment Strategies
Pre-1970s
- In 1939, Crafoord and Freckner discovered sclerotherapy with the help of quinine for the management of oesophageal varices
- In the 20th century, sclerotherapy became an important treatment option in the management of variceal haemorrhage, especially with the advent of fibre-optic endoscopy
- Prior to the 1970s, surgery was the mainstay of therapy for variceal haemorrhage
- Previously, surgical techniques such as oesophageal stapling or oesophagectomy were used, but with high mortality rates from complications such as sepsis, liver failure and renal failure
- In the 1980s, in patients with portal hypertension, devascularisation procedures were associated with decreased mortality in patients
- In the late 20th century, splenectomy became a famous procedure for management of gastrointestinal varices
- Surgical therapies are employed in patients who have failed endoscopic procedures
- In 1950, The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube’s use was first described by Sengstaken and Blakemore and later used as a treatment option in 1930
- It has been largely replaced by endoscopic therapies