Seminoma staging

Seminoma Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Overview

According to the TNM classification and stage groupings, there are 3 stages of seminoma based on the size and extent of the primary tumor, number and location of any regional lymph nodes (abdominal retroperitoneal) infiltrated by tumor cells, distant metastasis, and serum tumor marker levels.

Staging

The staging for testicular seminoma is performed according to the TNM system with staging groupings. It can be remembered in its abbreviated form as:

• Stage I: confined to testis, epididymis, spermatic cord, scrotum
• Stage II: lymph nodes involved but no distant metastases, and serum tumor markers are not very high
• Stage III: distant metastases or moderately high serum tumor markers