Sandbox: wdx causes

Intestinal adaptation
Phase	Duration	Main feature	Management
			Therapy	Measurement
Acute phase	1 to 3 months	Fluid loss Poor absorption of all nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fat, electrolytes, minerals and trace elements	Aggressive fluid and electrolyte replacement  Cyclical parenteral nutrition (overnight feeding)  Prophylactic oral antibiotics such as neomycin and metronidazole Prophylaxis with cholecystokinin Initiating enteral feeding	Frequent measurements of vital signs, intake and output, and central venous pressures
Adaptive phase	1 to 2 years	Reaching 90% to 95% of the bowel adaptation potential Enterocyte and villous hyperplasia Increased mucosal surface area Converting unabsorbed carbohydrates into absorbable short-chain fatty acids Gaining weight Stabilization of fluid and electrolyte levels	Total parenteral nutrition Enteral nutrition   Adding trophic factors
Maintenance phase		Reaching the maximum bowel adaptation potential	Oral nutrition