Gastrointestinal varices history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Non-bleeding gastrointestinal varices do not produce any symptoms, however bleeding gastrointestinal varices may lead to the following symtoms:

Common symptoms of bleeding gastrintestinal varices include the following:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

↑ Cremers I, Ribeiro S (2014). "Management of variceal and nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis". Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 7 (5): 206–16. doi:10.1177/1756283X14538688. PMC 4107701. PMID 25177367.
↑ Fawaz KA, Kellum JM, Deterling RA (1982). "Intraabdominal variceal bleeding". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 77 (8): 578–9. PMID 7102642.
↑ Sato H, Kamibayashi S, Tatsumura T, Yamamoto K (1987). "Intraabdominal bleeding attributed to ruptured periumbilical varices. A case report and a review of the literature". Jpn J Surg. 17 (1): 33–6. PMID 3494875.
↑ Kim YD (2014). "Management of acute variceal bleeding". Clin Endosc. 47 (4): 308–14. doi:10.5946/ce.2014.47.4.308. PMC 4130884. PMID 25133116.
↑ Perri GA, Khosravani H (2016). "Complications of end-stage liver disease". Can Fam Physician. 62 (1): 44–50. PMC 4721840. PMID 26796834.
↑ Biecker E, Heller J, Schmitz V, Lammert F, Sauerbruch T (2008). "Diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Dtsch Arztebl Int. 105 (5): 85–94. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0085. PMC 2701242. PMID 19633792.