Cholangitis risk factors
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farwa Haideri [2]
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Overview
Common risk factors in the development of cholangitis are gallstones, sclerosing cholangitis, and HIV. Variations in treatment and risk factors influence mortality rates in patients with cholangitis, and these rates underscore the necessity for standardized diagnostic, treatment, and severity assessment criteria.
Risk Factors
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of cholangitis include:[1][2][3][4]
- Advanced age (>70 years of age)
- Neurologic disease
- Periampullary diverticula
- Previous history of gallstones
- A history of sclerosing cholangitis
- HIV
- Narrowing of the common bile duct due to cancer
- Traveling to countries where you might catch a worm or parasite infection
- Presence of liver abscess
- Acute renal failure
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of cholangitis include:
The bile of healthy individuals is generally aseptic.[5]
- Bile culture is positive for microorganisms in:
- 16% of patients undergoing a non-biliary operation
- 72% of acute cholangitis patients
- 44% of chronic cholangitis patients
- 50% of patients with biliary obstruction
- The bacteria in bile are identified in 90% of patients with choledocholithiasis, accompanied by jaundice.
- Patients with incomplete obstruction of the bile duct present with a higher positive bile culture rate than those with complete obstruction of the bile duct.[5]
References
- ↑ Lai EC, Tam PC, Paterson IA, Ng MM, Fan ST, Choi TK, Wong J (1990). "Emergency surgery for severe acute cholangitis. The high-risk patients". Ann. Surg. 211 (1): 55–9. PMC 1357893. PMID 2294844.
- ↑ Gigot JF, Leese T, Dereme T, Coutinho J, Castaing D, Bismuth H (1989). "Acute cholangitis. Multivariate analysis of risk factors". Ann. Surg. 209 (4): 435–8. PMC 1493983. PMID 2930289.
- ↑ Catalano, Onofrio A.; Sahani, Dushyant V.; Forcione, David G.; Czermak, Benedikt; Liu, Chang-Hsien; Soricelli, Andrea; Arellano, Ronald S.; Muller, Peter R.; Hahn, Peter F. (2009). "Biliary Infections: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Management". RadioGraphics. 29 (7): 2059–2080. doi:10.1148/rg.297095051. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ Yamamoto, Ryuichi; Ishida, Shuko; Osafune, Yasuyo; Takahashi, Masatomo; Harada, Maiko; Kato, Shingo; Nagoshi, Sumiko; Nishikawa, Ko; Yakabi, Koji (2013). "Su1416 Risk Factors for Acute Cholangitis Caused by Common Bile Duct Stone: a Single-Center Study". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 77 (5): AB316–AB317. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2013.03.1069. ISSN 0016-5107.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kimura Y, Takada T, Kawarada Y, Nimura Y, Hirata K, Sekimoto M, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Wada K, Miura F, Yasuda H, Yamashita Y, Nagino M, Hirota M, Tanaka A, Tsuyuguchi T, Strasberg SM, Gadacz TR (2007). "Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines". J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 14 (1): 15–26. doi:10.1007/s00534-006-1152-y. PMC 2784509. PMID 17252293.