Portal vein thrombosis natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of portal vein thrombosis typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
- If left untreated, [#]% of patients with portal vein thrombosis may progress to develop .
Complications
- Common complications of portal vein thrombosis include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Portal cavernoma
- Gastric or esophageal varices/bleeding
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Portal biliopathy or cholangiopathy
- Thrombocytopenia
- Splenomegaly
Prognosis
- The 1 year mortality rate of patients with chronic portal vein thrombosis is approximately 80%-95% and the 3 year mortality rate of patients with chronic portal vein thrombosis is approximately 75%-90%.[6][7][8]
- Depending on the extent of the model for end-stage liver disease score at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as good.[9]
- Morbidity and mortality is associated with following factors:[6]
- Increasing age
- Recurrent thrombosis
- Portal cholangiopathy
- Progression of the underlying myeloproliferative disease or its transformation into acute leukemia
References
- ↑ Trebicka J, Strassburg CP (2014). "Etiology and Complications of Portal Vein Thrombosis". Viszeralmedizin. 30 (6): 375–80. doi:10.1159/000369987. PMC 4513836. PMID 26288604.
- ↑ Condat B, Pessione F, Hillaire S, Denninger MH, Guillin MC, Poliquin M, Hadengue A, Erlinger S, Valla D (2001). "Current outcome of portal vein thrombosis in adults: risk and benefit of anticoagulant therapy". Gastroenterology. 120 (2): 490–7. PMID 11159889.
- ↑ Garcia-Pagán JC, Hernández-Guerra M, Bosch J (2008). "Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis". Semin. Liver Dis. 28 (3): 282–92. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1085096. PMID 18814081.
- ↑ Condat B, Vilgrain V, Asselah T, O'Toole D, Rufat P, Zappa M, Moreau R, Valla D (2003). "Portal cavernoma-associated cholangiopathy: a clinical and MR cholangiography coupled with MR portography imaging study". Hepatology. 37 (6): 1302–8. doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50232. PMID 12774008.
- ↑ Dhiman RK, Behera A, Chawla YK, Dilawari JB, Suri S (2007). "Portal hypertensive biliopathy". Gut. 56 (7): 1001–8. doi:10.1136/gut.2006.103606. PMC 1994341. PMID 17170017.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Parikh, Sameer; Shah, Riddhi; Kapoor, Prashant (2010). "Portal Vein Thrombosis". The American Journal of Medicine. 123 (2): 111–119. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.05.023. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ Sogaard KK, Astrup LB, Vilstrup H, Gronbaek H (2007). "Portal vein thrombosis; risk factors, clinical presentation and treatment". BMC Gastroenterol. 7: 34. doi:10.1186/1471-230X-7-34. PMC 1976099. PMID 17697371.
- ↑ Amitrano L, Guardascione MA, Scaglione M, Pezzullo L, Sangiuliano N, Armellino MF, Manguso F, Margaglione M, Ames PR, Iannaccone L, Grandone E, Romano L, Balzano A (2007). "Prognostic factors in noncirrhotic patients with splanchnic vein thromboses". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102 (11): 2464–70. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01477.x. PMID 17958760.
- ↑ Janssen HL, Wijnhoud A, Haagsma EB, van Uum SH, van Nieuwkerk CM, Adang RP, Chamuleau RA, van Hattum J, Vleggaar FP, Hansen BE, Rosendaal FR, van Hoek B (2001). "Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis: aetiology and determinants of survival". Gut. 49 (5): 720–4. PMC 1728504. PMID 11600478.