Lower gastrointestinal bleeding classification
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Differentiating Lower gastrointestinal bleeding from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding can be classified into occult, moderate and severe bleeding based on the severity of bleeding.
Classification
Lower GI bleeding can be classified into 3 groups based on the severity of bleeding:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- Occult lower GI bleeding
- Moderate lower GI bleeding
- Severe lower GI bleeding
| Severe lower GI bleeding | Moderate lower GI bleeding | Occult lower GI bleeding | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | > 65 years | Occur at any age | Any age |
| Presenting symptoms | Hematochezia or bright red blood per rectum. | Hematochezia or melena | Symptoms of anemia (fatigue, tiredness) |
| Hemodynamics | Unstable | Stable | Stable |
| Lab findings | Hemoglobin equal to or less than 6 g/dl. | Microcytic anemia | Microcytic hypochromic anemia due to chronic blood loss. |
| Differential | Diverticulosis and angiodysplasia | Neoplastic disease Inflammatory, <br> infectious, benign anorectal, and congenital diseases. | Inflammatory, neoplastic and congenital. |
References
- ↑ Lee EW, Laberge JM (2004). "Differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding". Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 7 (3): 112–22. PMID 16015555.
- ↑ Raju GS, Gerson L, Das A, Lewis B (2007). "American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute medical position statement on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding". Gastroenterology. 133 (5): 1694–6. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.008. PMID 17983811.
- ↑ Rockey DC (2010). "Occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: causes and clinical management". Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 7 (5): 265–79. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.42. PMID 20351759.
- ↑ Rockey DC (2005). "Gastrointestinal bleeding". Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 34 (4): 581–8. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2005.08.002. PMID 16303571.
- ↑ Green BT, Rockey DC (2003). "Acute gastrointestinal bleeding". Semin. Gastrointest. Dis. 14 (2): 44–65. PMID 12889580.
- ↑ Rockey DC (1999). "Occult gastrointestinal bleeding". N. Engl. J. Med. 341 (1): 38–46. doi:10.1056/NEJM199907013410107. PMID 10387941.