Autoimmune pancreatitis pathophysiology

Autoimmune pancreatitis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

• The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

• It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
• [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
• Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
• [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
• The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
• The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Genetics

• [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
• Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
• The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Gross Pathology

• On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

• Microscopic findings suggestive of autoimmune pancreatitis may include:

Type 1 AIP:

• A lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis
• >10 IgG4-positive cells with at least two of the following
  • Periductal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate
  • Obliterative phlebitis
  • Acinar fibrosis

Type 2 AIP or Idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis (IDCP):

• Pancreatic duct: Granulocytic epithelial lesion
• Pancreatic parenchyma: Minimal IgG4-positive cells