Hepatic encephalopathy natural history, complications and prognosis
|
Hepatic encephalopathy Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hepatic encephalopathy natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hepatic encephalopathy natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
FDA on Hepatic encephalopathy natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
CDC on Hepatic encephalopathy natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Hepatic encephalopathy natural history, complications and prognosis in the news |
|
Blogs on Hepatic encephalopathy natural history, complications and prognosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing.
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Hepatic encephalopathy may occur as an acute, potentially reversible disorder or it may occur as a chronic, progressive disorder that is associated with chronic liver disease.[1]
- If left untreated, patients with hepatic encephalopathy may progress to develop brain edema(may leads to Brain herniation, secondary structural damage to the brain, and death.[2]
Complications
- Common complications of hepatic encephalopathy include:[3][4]
- Status epilepticus
- Aspiration(due to overuse of lactulose)
- Hypernatremia(due to overuse of lactulose)
- Severe perianal skin irritation(due to overuse of lactulose)
- death
Prognosis
- Prognosis of patients with hepatic encephalopathy is generally poor:[5][6]
- One year survival rate of patients with hepatic encephalopathy is approximately 42%.
- Three year survival rate of patients with hepatic encephalopathy is approximately 23%.
- The presence of some factors is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
- male sex
- Increased serum bilirubin
- Increased alkaline phosphatase
- Increased potassium and blood urea nitrogen
- Decreased serum albumin
- Decreased prothrombin activity
References
- ↑ Toris GT, Bikis CN, Tsourouflis GS, Theocharis SE (2011). "Hepatic encephalopathy: an updated approach from pathogenesis to treatment". Med Sci Monit. 17 (2): RA53–63. PMC 3524698. PMID 21278704.
- ↑ Dara N, Sayyari AA, Imanzadeh F (2014). "Hepatic encephalopathy: early diagnosis in pediatric patients with cirrhosis". Iran J Child Neurol. 8 (1): 1–11. PMC 3943054. PMID 24665321.
- ↑ Eleftheriadis N, Fourla E, Eleftheriadis D, Karlovasitou A (2003). "Status epilepticus as a manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy". Acta Neurol Scand. 107 (2): 142–4. PMID 12580865.
- ↑ Ferenci P (2017). "Hepatic encephalopathy". Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 5 (2): 138–147. doi:10.1093/gastro/gox013. PMC 5421503. PMID 28533911.
- ↑ García-Martínez R, Simón-Talero M, Córdoba J (2011). "Prognostic assessment in patients with hepatic encephalopathy". Dis Markers. 31 (3): 171–9. doi:10.3233/DMA-2011-0840. PMC 3826802. PMID 22045403.
- ↑ Bustamante J, Rimola A, Ventura PJ, Navasa M, Cirera I, Reggiardo V; et al. (1999). "Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis". J Hepatol. 30 (5): 890–5. PMID 10365817.