Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1-like (ALC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD1Lgene.[1][2] It has been implicated in chromatin remodeling and DNA relaxation process required for DNA replication, repair and transcription.
CHD1L, a DNA helicase, possesses chromatin remodeling activity and interacts with PARP1/PARylation in regulating pluripotency during developmental reprogramming. The CHD1L macro-domain interacts with the PAR moiety of PARylated-PARP1 to facilitate early-stage reprogramming and pluripotency in stem cells.[3] It appears that CHD1L expression is vital for early events in embryonic development. [4]
In DNA repair
To allow the critical cellular process of DNA repair, the chromatin must be remodeled at sites of damage. CHD1L (ALC1) a chromatin remodeling protein, acts very early in DNA repair. Chromatin relaxation occurs rapidly at the site of a DNA damage.[5] This process is initiated by PARP1 protein that starts to appear at DNA damage in less than a second, with half maximum accumulation within 1.6 seconds after the damage occurs.[6] Next the chromatin remodeler CHD1L (ALC1) quickly attaches to the product of PARP1, and completes arrival at the DNA damage within 10 seconds of the damage.[5] About half of the maximum chromatin relaxation, due to action of CHD1L (ALC1), occurs by 10 seconds.[5] This then allows recruitment of the DNA repair enzyme MRE11, to initiate DNA repair, within 13 seconds.[6]MRE11 is involved in homologous recombinational repair. CHD1L (ALC1) is also required for repair of UV-damaged chromatin through nucleotide excision repair.[7]
↑ 6.06.1Haince JF, McDonald D, Rodrigue A, Déry U, Masson JY, Hendzel MJ, Poirier GG (2008). "PARP1-dependent kinetics of recruitment of MRE11 and NBS1 proteins to multiple DNA damage sites". J. Biol. Chem. 283 (2): 1197–208. doi:10.1074/jbc.M706734200. PMID18025084.
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